Both phenylpropanoids and flavonoids are natural organic compounds of plant origin biosynthesized via the shikimic acid pathway. Phenylalanine and tyrosine are their precursors (Fig. 1).1)
Phenylpropanoids are classified to the group of compounds in which side chains with three carbons are attached to a benzene ring. They are ingredients of essential oils obtained from anis, cinnamon bark, and clove and are used for fragrances and aromatherapy.
Flavonoids are, in general, a group of compounds in which carbon chains are extended with malonyl-CoA to form a carbon skeleton of C6-C3-C6. Chalcone, flavonoid and isoflavonoid belong to these types of compounds. Most of them have phenolic hydroxy groups and they show anti-oxidative activity. Some of them show physiologic activities towards plants, such as phytoalexins, with the budding of seeds and adjusting of growth. Isoflavonoid is a unique compound group: they are biosynthesized via the phenyl group migration from flavonoid. To date, they are found only in the Leguminosae/Fabacaeae plant family. This distinct biosynthesis triggered researchers to investigate detailed biosynthetic mechanisms.2)
■Solubility
They are generally soluble in many organic solvents. They can be rather difficult to dissolve in less polar solvents such as hexane but dissolve well in high polar solvents such as chloroform, methanol and DMSO. Compounds with carboxyl or phenolic hydroxy groups are soluble in aqueous alkaline solutions. Since they are easily oxidized in the liquid state, we suggest you to use them within a short period of time after preparation.
■Storage Precautions
As long as no special remark is mentioned in the catalogues or labels, they can be stored at room temperature. Solids can be stored longer than liquid compounds or solutions. Note should be taken that compounds with phenolic hydroxy groups are labile to oxidation and can gradually change color from brown to black while being stored. Compounds with aldehyde groups are also apt to be oxidized to carboxylic acids. After unsealing these labile reagents, they should be stored refrigerated or frozen under an inert gas such as nitrogen/argon.
Phenylpropanoids
Flavonoids
Phenylpropanoids
Cinnamic Acids & Esters
Cinnamaldehydes
H0952
|
N0611
|
F0722
|
M1012
|
N0541
|
C0352
|
| H0952 | 2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde |
| N0611 | 2-Nitrocinnamaldehyde |
| F0722 | 4-Fluorocinnamaldehyde |
| M1012 | 4-Methoxycinnamaldehyde |
| N0541 | 4-Nitrocinnamaldehyde |
| C0352 | trans-Cinnamaldehyde |
Cinnamic Acid Derivatives
N0690
|
P0133
|
C0362
|
C1109
|
C1235
|
| N0690 | 4-Nitrocinnamyl Alcohol |
| P0133 | Cinnamoyl Chloride |
| C0362 | Cinnamyl Alcohol |
| C1109 | Cinnamyl Bromide |
| C1235 | Cinnamyl Chloride |
Phenylpropenes
A1184
|
B1441
|
E0804
|
B1366
|
P1103
|
D1360
|
A0702
|
P0495
|
M1174
|
A0232
|
E0210
|
I0132
|
P0494
|
M1175
|
Coumarins
Flavonoids
Chalcones
H0385
|
H0234
|
F0425
|
H0945
|
D2884
|
H0996
|
F0460
|
F0459
|
H0955
|
M1409
|
N0839
|
P0163
|
C0071
|
I0253
|
D2808
|
Flavonoids
Isoflavonoids
D2668
|
G0272
|
I0669
|
| D2668 | Daidzein |
| G0272 | Genistein |
| I0669 | Ipriflavone |
Literature
2) T. Akashi, T. Aoki, S. Ayabe, Plant Physiol. 2005, 137, 882 [DOI].
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